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Advantages and disadvantages of Transformation, TILLING and VIGS



Transformation TILLING VIGS
Can be used for both ‘forward ‘ and ‘reverse’ genetic approaches Can be used for both ‘forward ‘ and ‘reverse’ genetic approaches Can only be use for non-heritable ‘reverse’ genetics
Can be used for ‘transient’ or heritable (GM) changes to phenotype by over-expression or silencing of candidate genes. Or to make insertional T-DNA mutant populations Identification of heritable induced or ‘natural’ mutations (mostly loss-of-function changes) via PCR- or sequencing-based analysis of DNA changes. – non GM Plants infected with virus containing fragment of endogenous gene to be silenced. Relies on PTGS
Relatively low throughput and long time- scales from gene sequence to phenotype Relatively low throughput but shorter time- scales from gene sequence to phenotype Relatively high throughput and short time- scales from gene sequence to phenotype
Technically challenging with relatively high infrastructure and running costs, including containment GH/CE facilities Technically challenging with relatively high cost but non-GM so no containment issues Technically challenging but less costly. However, needs GM-style containment GH/CE facilities
No limit to DNA sequences used. Expression can be targeted to specific tissues or developmental stage. Transgene-encoded proteins can be tagged or targeted to cellular compartments Limited by number and type of mutations in population. Need to backcross to remove irrelevant mutations Limited to silencing endogenous genes in certain susceptible plant tissues. Well- developed for leaves, more experimental for other tissues
Limited to transformable genotypes No limits to genotypes that can be TILLed, but each new mutagenised population takes approx 2 years to develop Limited number of well validated, viral vector / host combinations available

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